The GreekMe page, For Hellenic Language support.
 
Even helping for the Hellenic Language, this page will still be in english because:

1) The reader's favourite browser might not be properly configured, or might be a console one.
 
2) I don't like "greeklish"( writing Greek using Latin characters).

3) This page might help in creating multilanguage environments in general.


a) In this page, 2 things will be assumed:

1) Hellenic support is not for virtual console.

In console mode, the characters that are included in the font are not only for writing.
They are also used for the program layout.
So, speaking about 8 bit console fonts, when we change a font for multilanguage, in reality we use a font that can be English AND other (ie Greek). But to do this, we have to replace special characters with the second language's ones, therefore, the appearence of console programs will be altered and this won't be for the better.

2) Kde will be used to change locale.

There are some 3rd party utilities that "show" the language as an icon for X, but I regret to say that the "look" and "feel" is more like the ones in Windows 3.x back in 1995.

So, if the user needs a visual report considering the current language, I wouldn't recommend to change the language using the X modifier keys.

In my case, I use Kde multilanguage support with the option to show in the traybar, and a little Kde shortcut modification for changing languages.

b) The goods

The current version of Kde is fully multilanguage, considering not only application support, but interface as well!

The interface (menus,buttons,help etc.) can be switched to another language (Englich, German, Greek, Spanish etc.) with a simple button click, using the same Kde package, If the multilanguage support has been installed.

Because Kde lives above X (read the GraphMe page), language switching applies to all X applications, being Kde or not.

Since I always use the English interface, in reality I use Kde because of it's simplest way for creating and handling a multilanguage environment, but I've created some users that have a more "localized" taste for operating the OS.

International users logged on to a single GNU/Linux box running X+Kde can be equally served.

c) The bads

Not being the fault of Kde, there are some small problems that can easily be overriden.

1) The popular alt+shift key combination is considered an X modifier abd not a simple shortcut. Kde can use it if we edit the X modifier list. Alternatively, we can use a different shortcut.

2) Greek Monotonic always uses accents and Polytonic uses hyphenations as well.
If the user configures only Kde, there are chances that he will use an "Atonic" language with no use at all :)) !
Therefore, modifications in the shell environment must be done.

d) Solution


1) Shell

First, we must change some environmental info considering users.

I do in in ~/.bash_profile instead of /etc/profile because it's better to distinguish users than to make a global change. Using this method, root can fully configure each one user and give him/her the language settings he/she desires.

This is the "serious" work:

My ~/.bash_profile
# Set default POSIX locale:
export LANG=el_GR
export LC_MESSAGES=C
export LC_TIME=C
export LC_NUMERIC=C
echo Locale changed to el_GR

# means comment.

The LC_MESSAGES defines the language, in which interactive messages will be displayed.
Careful, LC_MESSAGES affects some X applications.

As you see, I give he default "C" which means "POSIX" to some variables that I don't want to modify to el_GR

echo means echo means echo.

The easiest way to make the changes active without logging out and back in is:

source ~/.bash_profile

For full effects, do this in a tty (console mode) and then call X+Kde.

startx is the simplest way, if the startkde command is inside ~/.xinitrc

2) Gui

After initializing X+Kde from the shell that has the above variables properly modofied, we follow the next steps:

* call Control Center
* expand Regional & Accessibility
* Modify Country /Region & Language.

I have selected Country "Greece", but Language "English".
Careful, this section defines the interface. Modify what you need.

* Then we modify Keyboard Layout.
My settings are:

Keyboard Model Generic 105 Key (Intl) PC, but others work, too.
Primary Layout US English w/ISO9995-3
Primary variant Basic
Additional Layouts Greek. You may add as many as you want.

* Finally, we modify Keyboard Shorcuts.

As stated previously, alt+shift is a little tricky. In earlier days we had to tweak the Modifier keys inside xorg.conf. But nowdays Kde can change the behaviour of the modifier keys.

Furthermore, alt+z for example might be difficult too, because once it is used to change to the next language, then the "z" character is changed to the new localized one,  so  alt+z can't change back to the first if we have 2 languages (most people do).

And because of the possibility  of more than 2 languages, the alternate keyboard shortcut doesn't really solve the situation.

I have decided to use alt+space. It can easily remembered especially to MS Windows users (it brings up the Window control list) and it is the same, nomatter the locality change.

So, the two simple solutions are: either 1) choose alt+space in the Switch To Next Keyboard Layout shortcut section, or 2) use the
alt+shift modifier key.


e) Troubleshooting

If Hellenic Language is still used without accents, you may want also to add:
export LC_CTYPE=el_GR one line below the LANG modification.
If after the modifications Kde starts with a Hellenic interface, this happens because it starts for the first time for the current user and chances are that you have configured:
LC_MESSAGES=el_GR or
LC_ALL=el_GR in the user's profile, or worse, globally.

The interface can be easily changed, but you will have to restart Kde.
If the shortcut to change locales doesn't apply immediately, Kde will use it on next run, do not worry.


f) Variations (added in 29 March 2004)

In some cases where on login screens all the LANG settings must be english,
the modifications can be easily made inside ~/.xinitrc instead of ~/.bash_profile.


My alternate locales change in ~/.xinitrc:
# .xinitrc is used from xinit for commands
# Locales are changed here instead of .bash_profile

unset LANG
unset LC_ALL
export LANG=el_GR
export LC_MESSAGES=C
export LC_TIME=C
export LC_NUMERIC=C

echo Locale changed to el_GR
startkde
The same file if your /bin/sh is not a link to bash:
# .xinitrc is used from xinit for commands
# Locales are changed here instead of .bash_profile

unset LANG
unset LC_ALL
LANG=el_GR
LC_MESSAGES=C
LC_TIME=C
LC_NUMERIC=C

export LANG
export LC_MESSAGES
export LC_TIME
export LC_NUMERIC

echo Locale changed to el_GR
startkde